EDUCATION IN BRAZIL.

by: sindy saavedra

The educational system in Brazil is compulsory for children ages 7 to 14. Brazil has both public and private sectors in education. Public education is free to all Brazilians. Private schooling is not free. Public schools in Brazil are not well cared for.

The building structures, plumbing, and heating are usually in terrible condition. Many schools lack equipment needed and resources.

In the major city centers children do attend public school, however, these are not all the children. Usually, children of rich or middle class families attend school. Most children from well off families attend private schools unlike the children from poor families.
Poor children have to work and cannot go to school because they have to support their families. Brazil has always been confronted by a serious problem brought about by the insufficient college education.

Elementary and Secondary Schools More than 26.8 million pupils attended Brazilian primary schools each year in the late 1980s, and some 3.3 million students were enrolled in secondary schools.

Primary and secondary schools are maintained primarily by states and municipalities. Universities and Colleges The central government of Brazil shares with the states and private associations the responsibility for institutions of higher learning.

In brazil there are many importants universities there are the University of Brasília (1961) in Brasília; the University of São Paulo (1934); the Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas (1941); the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (1920); and the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (1948), in Porto Alegre.

Other institutions include schools of medicine, public health, law, social sciences, engineering, and mining.

EDUCATION IN COLOMBIA

EDUCATION IN COLOMBIA by: sindy saavedra

Fist of all, I go to talk about the education in colombia.
Children of coffee-growing families are often underserved by the Colombian education system. Many parents must choose between sending their children to school and keeping them home to help support the family business. In colombia, there are private schools and public schools and private universities and public universities. The education in colombia is good




Education in Colombia comprehends the formal and non-formal education.
Formal education is composed of :
Nursery school.
Elementary school.
High school.
technical instruction and college education.



Most of the children under 5 years are provided with daycare and nursery school in community homes sponsored by the National Institute for Family Welfare (ICBF acronym in Spanish), When children of Colombia learn to read and write, they are usually transferred to the elementary school. There are also a large number of private kindergarden facilities, but most of the time the high fees are very restrictive to the average family.Elementary school last 5 years and is meant to provide the basic skills to achieve non-qualified jobs.

Primary educationn is free and compulsoryy for nine years for children between 6 and 12 years of age.Secondary education is divided in basic secondary (grades 6th to 9th) and mid secondary (grades 10th and 11th). Almost all secondary schools are in the larger cities. Secondary education core curriculum comprises history, geography, mathematics, physiscs, chemistry and biology.
In colombia are many universities importants, these are the national university in bogota founded in 1572, is one of the oldest in the western hemisphere.the universidad javeriana, founded in 1622, which is operated by the jesuitas. The universidad de los andes, a private institution based us a model.

Educational Systems in Latin America

By Monica Jaramillo

The Education is very important in people's lives because, with the education, people can find a better future.
Moreover, it is important that people know the educational system in his country for comment and perfection it.
These are the main features of the educational system in Brazil and Colombia:

Brazilian Education System.

In Brazil, the education system split into 4 degrees. The first is Initial education for children from 0 to 6 years old. This degree split in 2 stages:

- For children from 0 to 3 years old. You don´t have to take this grade, bat if you take it you need go to a “Creche” or nursery school.
- And for children from 3 to 6 years old. If you decide take this course, you need go to a pre-school authorized.

The second degree is the Fundamental education, this degree you have to take all the children in Brazil, is compulsory because the State pay for the education of all children that go to a public school. Students start this degree when are 7 years old and finish when you are 14 years old.

The third degree is the Middle and technology education. Students begin classes when are 15 years and ended when they are 18 years of age. When you finish this degree, you have to take a “VESTIBULAR” exam.
And the last one degree is Higher education. You can study in a University, a collage, an institution or an academy. This stage is optional and you can choose a major. After studying a major, you can continue to study and do a masters degree or a doctorate.

Colombian Education System.

In Colombia, children can start the school when are 3 years old, bat is not compulsory.
The first degree is Pre-school, children start when are 3 years old an ends when are 6 year old. This degree split in 3 stages:
1. Pre-nursery
2. Nursery
3. Pre- school or Transition

The last one is the only compulsory stage for all children that want to enter in the next degree.
The second degree is Basic education, the children start when are 6 years old and after five years the students finish this degree, and continue with the Basic secondary education , in this degree, the children stay for 4 years.

Then, you have 2 options, the first is continue with the Middle education; or second start the Work and technical education.
If you choose the first option, you have to study 2 years and present the “ICFES” exam and you can enter in the higher education. If you choose the second one option you can´t enter in the higher education.

But the most part of the students take the first option and can start the higher education. In this degree you can choose a major and after 3 or 6 years you can continue study a postgraduate (specialties, masters, doctorates and post-doctorates).
As we can see, the educational systems in Brazil and Colombia are very different. And taking into account that Brazil guaranteed education is compulsory for all children between 7 and 14 years of age.

However, it is elementary to see that the most important thing is that both countries, Brazil and Colombia, have organized an educational system that allows the right way to educate people.

_______________________

Bibliographic references

- Iberoamericanos, O. d. (s.f.). BRASIL. Recuperado el 3 de Noviembre de 2008, de Organización de la educacion infantil 2002: http://www.oei.es/observatorio2/pdf/brasil.PDF

- Iberoamericanos, O. d. (s.f.). La Educación Técnico-Profesional en Iberoamérica. Recuperado el 3 de Noviembre de 2008, de Brasil: Esquema general del sistema : http://www.oei.es/oeivirt/fp/cuad04a01p21.htm#Brasil

- Iberoamericanos, O. d. (s.f.). Colombia. Recuperado el 3 de Noviembre de 2008, de Organización de la educacion infantil 2002: http://www.oei.es/observatorio2/pdf/colombia.PDF

- Iberoamericanos, O. d. (s.f.). RED QUIPU Colombia - Resumen 1998. Recuperado el 3 de Noviembre de 2008, de Estructura y organización del sistema educativo: http://www.oei.es/quipu/colombia/resumen.htm

- Universia. (s.f.). Estructura del sistema educativo en Brasil. Recuperado el 3 de Noviembre de 2008, de http://internacional.universia.net/latinoamerica/sistemas-universitarios/brasil/estructura.htm

EDUCATION IN COLOMBIA IN BRAZIL.

EDUCATION IN COLOMBIA

by: Sandra Murcia

Compreheds the formal and non-formal education. Formal education is composed of nursery school, elementary school, high school and technical instruction and college education. The basic goal expected for the average citizen is of 11 grades (elementary school and mid high school). The covering of basic education for the state institutions is about 50%. The private institutions cover the other 50% and most of the technical and university formation, due to the scarcity of public resources destined to education.

KINDERGARTEN

Most of the children under 5 years are provided with daycare and nursery school in community homes, sponsored by the National Institute for Family Welfare (ICBF acronym in Spanish), where mothers form the community take care of their own children, as the children from the immediate neighborhood. When children of Colombia learn to read and write, they are usually transferred to the elemetary school. There are also a large number of private kindergarten facilities, but most of the time the high fees are very restrictive to the average family.

ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

Elementary school last 5 years and is meant to provide the basic skills to achieve non-qualifiedjobs. Primary education is free and compulsory for nine years for children between 6 and 12years of age. The net primary enrollment (percentage of revelant age-group) in 2001 was 86.7percent. The completion rate (percentage of age-group) for children attending elementaryschool primary in 2001 totaled 89.5 percent. In many rural areas, teachers are poorlyqualified, and only five years of primary school are offered.Due to the insufficiency of the existing institutions to accomplish the full coverage of the childrenpopulation, the public education system has adopted the "automatic promotion" as standardpractice, meaning that the children are promoted to the next grade no matter the achievementof goals, with the purpose to avoid extra years of occupancy in the schools.

HIGH SCHOOL

Secondary education is divided in basic secondary (grades 6th to 9th) and mind secondary(grades 10th and 11th). Ner secondary enrollment in 2001 was 53.5 percent. School lifeexpectancy in 2001 was 11.1 years.In orden to access college or technical education, high school students must take the statal testevidence of state, provied by "Instituto Colombiano para el Fomento de la Educación Superior-ICFES".

UNIVERSITY EDUCATION

Superior education is divided into under-graduate degrees and post-graduate degrees and isregulated by the 30th law of 1992. Most of the university degrees are five years long. Technicalformation usually lasts 3 years. Post-graduate education includes master´s degrees and PhD.

EDUCATION IN BRAZIL

The education system in Brazil, throughout its history, was organized in several ways. In general, included three types of education they received different names:

· Primary (elementary, gymnasium, 1st half round).

· Secondary (classical, scientific, half a second cycle).

· and Superior.

Currently the education system comprises the following levels:

· Early Childhood Education (Garden and Preschool): First stage of basic education for, generally, for children younger than 7 years. (Garden or kindergarten: children up to 3 years age and preschool: Children aged 4 to 6).

· Basic education (first round): Second stage of basic education with a period of 8 years of study, From 7 to 14 years of age. In Brazil it is the obligation on the part of the State to guarantee the universality of education at this level of education.

· Educational Media and Technology (second round): Final stage of basic education with a duration varying between 3 and 4 years, from 15 to 17 or 18 years old.

· Higher Education: Degree courses with a duration of 4 to 6 years. Education is compulsory for 8 years of study that is around the level of Basic Education.

Dear Sindy...

I am writing to you from the beautiful city of Sao Paulo - Brazil. I arrive recently, and I am surprised to see the streets of Sao Paulo because they are very different from the streets of Bogota.
To start, in Sao Paulo the transport system is very organized, and this mainly the subway, organized by the State, and the bus, organized by SPTrans companies.

The bus routes are organized. The bus you can pay in cash, you only have to pay $ 2.30 Brazilian real. Or you can buy the "single ticket," something like a credit card.
The subway in Sao Paulo, has few lines because the network is small, but if you go to the subway, you have to pay $ 2.30 Brazilian real and you can change the line as many times as you want.

The streets and avenues are very wide, and have no holes. Sao Paulo has avenues or "Rodovia" as say here. Some are Rodovia President Dutra, Rodovia Anchieta and Rodovia Anhanguera. The transport system has more than thirty thousand taxis, fifteen thousand buses, more than five thousand five hundred intersections of traffic lights, more than six million cars.

In Bogota's transport system is a little different. We have 24,800 buses for urban transport, but have not fully organized routes. And the Transmilenio is similar to the subway in Sao Paulo, which works only with buses. The cost of the Transmilenio is 1300 and 1500 colombian pesos, depending on the station. The buses are cheaper, you have to pay between $1000 and $1250 colombian pesos, depends on the bus. Of course you can talk to the driver and maybe he give you a low price

My friend, I hope to see you soon when I get back to these wonderful vacations.

With Love…
Monica.

by sindy saavedra.

Dear Monica.

I am writing to complain about driving rules in Brazil.

first all, everything is fine here, I arrived in Brazil a two months ago to start my work .

I lived in a small apartment near the beach. I live with my boyfriend. I usually go to the beach in the afternoon.

Brazil is a beautiful country, is big and the people are very nice.

Monica, if you enter brazil in a private vehicle, you must bring your driving license, all original resgistration and original documents( includong logbook) as well as evidence of insurance valid in brazil.

the rate for cars is currently 5 euros for a one week and 12 euros for one month. the spped limits in brazil are 60 km/h in populated areas, 80 km/h outside populated areas and 120 km/ h on motorways.

Driving standars here are generally poor. Car jackings and impersonations of traffic, police can happen so you will need to pay extra care and attention when on the roads.

taxis are safe here but expensive. the shared taxis, especially in the north east of brazil, they are faster and cheaper than buses and they go between the towns and villages on a regular basis.

for this moment is all.

write to me soon and tell me your news.

See you the next week.

love

sindy saavedra

COLOMBIA AND BRAZIL. BY: SINDY SAAVEDRA

carrera 27a N0.136-14

Colombia- Bogota

Monica Jaramillo

Barrio Cedritos

Colombia- Bogota

27 September 2008

Dear Monica.

I am writing about the driving rules in colombia and Massive transport.

traffic laws in colombia, incluiding speed limits. Cars seats are not mandatory for children but a child under twelve is not permitted to ride in a front seat.

Monica, it is against the law to talk on a cellular phone while driving in colombia, and violators may be fined.

the speed limits in colombia are 60 km/h in populated and 80 km/h on motorways.If you are driving your own vehicle, try to make your car as secure as possible. Almost any car can and will be broken into.

in colombia people used the train in bogota and medellin, and the rest of places used cars,vans,motorcycles,trucks.

in the air , we used airplanes, helicopters and in the water ships and boats.

in colombia, the main international car rental companies are represented art principal airports but may be closed Saturday afternoons and Sundays. There are also local firms in most of the departmental cities.

In most large urban areas all taxis have meters, in smaller cities and towns not all taxis have meters. Meters measure numbers which correspond to prices that are legally mandated and should be displayed in the cab

There is a small surcharge for Radio Taxis (ones that are dispatched by an operator) but they normally offer good service.

write to me soon and tell me all your news.

love.

Sindy saavedra